QUT scientists have developed a process to capture carbon dioxide from the air into water and store it as non-toxic calcium carbonate (chalk), a key ingredient for cement production and other products, all potentially powered by solar or wind energy.
- Proof of concept: electrochemical process captures atmospheric carbon dioxide and stores it in water as chalk while also producing green hydrogen
- Process could be powered by solar or wind energy
- Cement industry generates 7 per cent of world’s carbon dioxide
- Process could provide cement industry with “green” key ingredient to reduce its CO2 footprint.
- The mineralisation process produces other construction industry products.
PhD researcher Olawale Oloye and Professor Anthony O’Mullane from the QUT Centre for Clean Energy Technologies and Practices developed the electrochemical capture and conversion of carbon dioxide process which also generates hydrogen and a host of useable by-products.
“This process involves the capture of CO2 by its reaction with an alkaline solution produced on demand, to form solid carbonate products which can be used, for example, as construction materials, thereby keeping carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere,” Professor O’Mullane said.
“This can be done using a simple calcium source in water. To further improve efficiency, we added a low-toxicity, biodegradable chemical called MEA to increase the amount of CO2 drawn out of the atmosphere and into the water.
“Next, the hydrogen evolution reaction during electrolysis ensured that the electrode was continually renewed to keep the electrochemical reaction going while also generating another valuable product, green hydrogen.
“This means if this electrolysis process is powered by renewable electricity, we are producing green hydrogen alongside the calcium carbonate (CaCO3).”
Professor O’Mullane said the use of renewable energy to capture CO2 and create calcium carbonate may be of use in the cement industry, which has a significant CO2 footprint.
“We envision this technology would benefit emission-intensive industries such as the cement industry whose CO2 footprint is 7 to 10 per cent of anthropogenic CO2 emissions due to the initial clinking (heating) step that converts CaCO3 into CaO (lime) with the emission of large amounts of CO2.
“By coupling the mineralization process to produce CaCO3 from the emitted CO2 during the clinking step we could create a closed loop system and reduce a significant percentage of the CO2 involved in cement production.
“Given that urbanization is expected to grow over the next 50–100 years, the demand for cement and concrete will continue to increase and with it the need to significantly reduce the industry’s CO2 footprint if the world is to meet its emission reduction targets.
“This mineralization approach could be used to produce other commercially important metal carbonates such as strontium carbonate (SrCO3) and manganese carbonate (MnCO3), both of which have many industrial uses.”
Professor O’Mullane said they tested the process on seawater as potable water was too precious a resource in Australia to make large-scale carbon capture using this process viable.
“We found we could use seawater once it had been treated to remove sulphates. To do this we first precipitated calcium sulphate or gypsum, another building material, and then carried out the same process to successfully turn CO2 into calcium carbonate, thus providing proof of concept of a circular carbon economy.”
Electrochemical Capture and Storage of CO2 as Calcium Carbonate was published in ChemSusChem.
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